Oil burning apparatus



ug- 8, 1933 A. E. MARSHALL Y 1,921,937

' OIL BURNING APPARATUS Original Filed April 23, 1928 /lII/llllllll A gn A WITNESSES Fl-@M j INI/ENTOR: @WMMZL bmi 11mm/m@ l l JIS!! D..

Patented Aug. 8, 1933 UNITED STATES PATENT oFFlCE OIL BURNING APPARATUSAlbert E. Marshall, Baltimore, Md., assignor, by

mesne assignments, to Reinhold D. Schoenwetter, Hagerstown, Md.

11 Claims.

This invention relates to oil burning apparatus useful in connectionwith domestic heaters or furnaces, the subject-matter of the instantcase being a division from my copending application for patent, SerialNumber 272,077, filed April 23,

More particularly the present invention has reference to improvementsassociated with the spray burner structure, the primary object being toprovide a device by which the liquid fuel will be atomized anddischarged into the heater or furnace hre-box in a manner best adaptedto effect complete combustion of said fuel.

Another object of the invention is to construct the burner so that theair for supporting combustion is supplied about the spray nozzle in amost efficient manner.

With the stated objects in view, my invention essentially resides in thestructure and com- 26 ponent parts thereof, all as more particularly setforth in the following descriptive matter.

The embodiment of my invention shown by the accompanying drawing is apractical form thereof, although it is to be understood that modicationsin the construction and arrangement of the several parts may be resortedto without departing from the spirit of said invention as terselyfeatured in the subjoinedclaims.

In the drawing:-

Fig. I is a fragmentary sectional view showing my improved burner inassociation with a typical hot-air domestic heater.

Fig. 1I is a plan View, drawn to a larger scale, of the burner headwhich occupies the fire-box of the heater.

Fig. III is a sectional view of the burner, taken approximately asindicated by the arrows 111-111 on the preceding view; and, Fig. 1V is afragmentary detail view of a modified feature of the invention.

Throughout the views, similar reference characters are applied tocorresponding parts, while I have chosen to illustrate my invention asembodied in an oil burner structure involving a vertically-dischargingburner head, comprehensively designated 5, that is connected to anupturned elbow 6. This elbow 6 is suitably secured to the inner end of ahorizontal duct or conduit 7 adapted to supply combustion supporting airun- 50 der pressure from a rotary blower 8 in conformity with knownpractice.

Fuel oil is supplied under pressure to the spray nozzle 9 locatedcentrally within the burner head 5 by way of a feed pipe 10, connectingwith a conventional pump-not shown; while it is to (Cl. 15S-1.5)

be noted the burner head 5 is conveniently disposed below the fire-boxl1 of a typical domestic or house heating furnace fragmentarilyindicated at 12.

The burner head 5, it will be observed, is of hollow circularconfiguration, embodying a cover member 13 with a depending perimetricrim 14 to rest on a circumferential seat 16 in the horizontal top ange16 of the elbow 6. The cover member 13 may be secured to the elbow 6 by55 screws 17 taking into the flange 16; or, said cover may' simplyrepose by its own weight on the seat 15, thereby enabling easy removalthrough a furnace door without withdrawing the burner head 5 and conduit7.

Horizontally within the burner head 5 at a level substantially mid-waybetween the top flange 16 of the elbow 6 and the top of the cover member13, is a baiile or deflector in the form of a circular plate 18 having acentral aperture 19 to accommodate the oil spray nozzle 9. The deectoror baie plate 18 does not quite reach the depending rim 14 of the covermember 13, so that the combustion supporting air may flow about itsperimetric edge, as shown by the arrows in Fig. so III. Adjacent itsperiphery the baie plate 18 is provided with a series oftangentially-disposed deflector vanes 20 that extend into contact withthe cover member 13, certain of said vanes being pierced for passage ofscrews 21 whereby the bafiie plate 18 is secured to the cover member 13.The air passing around the edge of the baille plate 18 is caught by thedeflector vanes 20 and swirled into an annular space 22 behind adown-turned lip 23 that extends about the central discharge opening 24through the cover member 13, said lip terminating short of the baiiieplate 18 to define a restricted annular outflow interval 25 for thecombustion supporting air.

As shown, the medial portion 26 of the baiiie plate 18 is raisedslightly within the area of the discharge opening 24, and provided witha number of grooves 27 which may be cotangential-as shownwith respect tothe deflector vanes 20:

or they may be counterwise directed, as indicated in Fig. IV, so thatthe spin of the oil and air are in opposed directions. A portion of thecombustion supporting air discharged through the restricted annularinterval 25, beneath the downturned lip 23 of the cover member 13,enters 105 the grooves 27, and, as a consequence, is swirled still morefor induction-at accelerated velocityinto an annular space 28immediately around the oil spray nozzle 9.

The burner head 5 is further fitted with an up- 110 wardly-flared guardor pot ring 29 which has socketed lugs'30 which slip over but do notengage the ends of the screws 21 protruding above the cover member 13,thereby ensuring easy removal of said guard ring when desired withoutdisturbing the burner. The pot ring 29 is notched, as at 31, for passageof a small caliber gas pipe 32 with a pilot tip 33. Any other type ofignition .means may, of course, be substituted if desired in lieu of thepilot tip 33. i

In the operation of the burner head 5, the vertical spray discharge ofoil, from the nozzle 9, is met by the swirl of air induced in theimmediately surrounding space 28 as a consequence of having traversedthe tangential grooves 27, of the baille plate 18, to the end thatatomization of the oil spray is effectively promoted. At the same time,a proportionate quantity of the air gyrating at a lower velocity escapesaround the edge of the lip 23, through the discharge opening 24, andmixes with the atomized oil within the confines of the pot ring 29.Through the described functioning of the various parts, of the burnerhead 5, a -radially-spreading tulip-shaped verticallydischarging flameis obtained, the same reaching outward but not actually impingingagainst the refractory wall 34 of the fire-box 11, within the heatingfurnace 12, after the manner graphically indicated at 35 in Fig. I, withobvious avoidance of carbon deposit and attainment of the maximumheating effect from the fuel.

Referring again to the fuel feed, it will be noted the spray nozzle 9 isconnected to the inner end of the pipe 10 by means of an elbow fitting36, and that said pipe is provided at the outer end with an automaticdrain valve 37, such as is fully described and claimed in theapplication for patent hereinbefore identified in the opening paragraphof this specification. This drain valve 37 has an integrally formedflange 38 serving as a closure for the rear end of the blower outlet 39,into which the air conduit 7 is conventionally fitted, while saidvalve-and connected parts-is secured in position by bolts 40 in anobvious manner.

The characteristic construction of the burner head 5 facilitates readyremoval of its component parts separately from the heating furnace 12,the procedure being as follows-The pot ring 29 is first lifted off,thereby rendering accessible the heads of the screws 17 securing thecover member 13. Upon removal of the screws 17, when employed, the covermember 13 can, in turn, be lifted out together with the attached baffleplate 18 for inspection, cleaning or renewal. Furthermore, it will beapparent that the spray nozzle 9, feed pipe 10 and valve 37, can beWithdrawn-as a connected unitfrom the air conduit 7, by releasing thecoupler connection 41 to fuel supply and removing the bolts 40; whileintroduction of said unit is facilitated by providing, on the undersideof the baille plate 18, a pair of converging lugs 42, Figs. II and III,which guide the spray nozzle 9 directly to the aperture 19.

Attention is also directed to the fact that the area between the bailleplate 18 and perimetric rim 14-of the cover 13 is substantially equalto, or greater than, the cross-sectional area of the conduit 7. If thearea of the conduit 7 is greater,.

the air supply, or more correctly the air pressure resulting from therevolutions of the blower 8 have to be increased, and more motive poweris required; with a resultant stingy flame and 1. An oil burningapparatus for furnaces emf bodying an air blower, an air flow conduitleading from the blower-into the furnace equipped at its inner end witha vertically discharging burner head, an oil spray nozzle in the burnerhead, said burner head having a shallow hollow circular body with acentral discharge opening in its top surrounded by a down-turned lip,and a defiector withinthe burner head in the form of a flat circularplate having upstanding tangentially-disposed vanes adjacent itsperiphery reaching to the top of the burner head to swirl the air intoan annular space between the down-turned lip and said plate fordischarge inwards through a restricted annular interval, defined by saidlip, into an annular space around the oil spray nozzle exposed within anaxial aperture of the deflector.

2. An oil burning apparatus for furnaces embodying an air blower, an airflow conduit leading from the blower into the furnace and equipped atits inner end with a vertically discharging burner head, an oil spraynozzle co-axial of the burner head, said burner head having a shallowhollow circular body with a central discharge opening in its top, and adeector within said head in the form of a iiat circular plate with itsmedial portion slightly raised within the burner opening and. groovedtangentially to guide the air into a clearance around the oil spraynozzle exposed within an axial aperture of said deflector.

3. An oil burning apparatus for furnaces embodying an air blower, an airflow conduit leading from the blower into the furnace equipped at itsinner end with a vertically-discharging burner head, an oil spray nozzlesupported co-axial of e the burner head, said burner head having acentral discharge opening through its top with a down-turned lip, and adeector within said head in the form of a circular plate with upstandlngtangential deflecting vanes adjacent its periphery reaching to theburner body` top to swirl the air into an annular space behind thedownturned lip for discharge inwards through a restricted annularinterval defined by said lip, the deflector also having its medialportion slightly raised within the burner discharge opening and groovedcotangentialiy with respect to the deflecting vanes aforesaid to guide aportion of the air into a clearance around the oil spray nozzle in theaperture in the burner deector plate, and

an attached cover plate to close the outer end of said air conduit.

5. In oil burning apparatus for furnaces, an air blower, an air flowconduit leading from the blower into the furnace terminating in acentrally apertured burner head, an axially apertured deilector plate insaid head having tangential vanes proximate its periphery withtangential grooves about the aperture therein to effect spin ofperipheral and axial portions of the air in opposite directions, and anoil feed assemblage removable as a unit from the end of the air conduitcomprising a tube tted at its inner extremity with spray nozzle forregistry with the aperture in the burner deflector plate, and at itsouter extremity with an automatic drain valve having an integrallyformed cover plate to close the rear end or the air dow conduit.

6. In oil burning apparatus for furnaces, an air blower n flow conduitleading norizoria 1lower into the furnace and nave' turned to supper' avertically-discharging nner head, a ce1 raliy-aperm tured deeotor platein said head 'nai ing tengential vanes on its upper face and having oonsver-gent gui-:les on its under side adjacent the aperture, an oil `ieedtube within the air flow conduit equipped at its inner extremity with avertical spray nozzle registrable with the oentral aperture in theburner baille plate, said tube being secured to a cover plate closingthe outerz end o the air low conduit so as to be removable as a unit,together with its nozzle and the cover plate, from the air dow conduitaforesaid.

7. In oil burning apparatus for furnaces, an air blower, an air flowconduit leading' horizontally from the blower into the furnace and havning its inner end. upturned to support a vertically-dischargingcurnerliead and an oil feed tube removable from the air ow conduitequipped at its inner end with an upturned spray nozzle for registrywith a central aperture in the burner head, said burner head providingat its interior a convergent guide leading to the aperture aforesaid tofacilitate entry or" the die charge nozzle thereinto incidental toplacement of the feed tube within the air conduit.

8. In an oil burner, the combination of a plate, a spray nozzleprojecting axially from and substantially normally disposed to saidplate, means for feeding air over the surface of said plate iacing thenozzle discharge, said means imparting a whirling motion to the air, andmeans on said plate defining passages for directing a portion of saidair against said nozzle to cool tlie saine and prevent carbonizing.

9. In an oil burner, the combination of a plate, a spray nozzleprojecting axially from and substantially normally disposed to saidplate, means for feeding air over the surface of said plate facing thenozzle discharge, said means imparting a whirling motion to the air, andmeans on plate defining passages tangentially disposed with reference tosaid nozzle tor directing a por= tion oi said air against said nozzle tocool the same and prevent carbonizing.

lo. ln an oil burner, the combination or a plate, an oil spray nozzlenormal to the plate and prou jecting axially therefrom, means forfeeding air over that surface of the plate facing the nozzle discharge,said means imparting a whirling rootion to the air, and a plurality ofprojections on the plate surrounding the discharge end of and dening aplurality of passages for directing av portion of said air against saidnozzle to cool the same and prevent carbonizing.

ll. In anoil burner, a plate, an oil spray nozzle normal to the plateand projecting axially therefrom, means for feeding air over thatsurface of the plate facing the nozzle discharge, said means imparting awhirling motionA to the' air, and a plurality of projections on saidplate surrounding the discharge end of, and denning a 'plurality ofpassages tangential to, said nozzle for directing a portion of said airagainst said nozzle to coolthe saine and prevent carbonizing.

MT" E. MARSHALL.

